Fast and slow inactivation of sodium channels: effects of photodynamic modification by methylene blue.

Photodynamic inactivation effect of methylene blue and toluidine blue O on ATCC Escherichia coli and clinical isolate of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli

Evaluation of Photodynamic Therapy with 660 nm Diode Laser and Different Concentrations of Methylene Blue on Candida Albicans growth on Denture(laboratory study)

Background and Aim: Candida has an important role in denture-dependent stomatitis. The use of lasers and light-absorbing materials to act against this fungus has been suggested in some studies. In this study, the antifungal effects of 660 nm diode laser with different concentrations of methylene blue as a light absorbing agent against Candida albicans grown on dentures was investigated. Materia...

Role of Domain 4 in Sodium Channel Slow Inactivation

Depolarization of sodium channels initiates at least three gating pathways: activation, fast inactivation, and slow inactivation. Little is known about the voltage sensors for slow inactivation, a process believed to be separate from fast inactivation. Covalent modification of a cysteine substituted for the third arginine (R1454) in the S4 segment of the fourth domain (R3C) with negatively char...

Dye-mediated photodynamic inactivation of Bacillus subtilis cells: Involvement of singlet oxygen and superoxide radicals

Studies were carried out on the photodynamic inactivation of Bacillus subtilis cells by He-Ne laser irradiation in presence of methylene blue and toluidine blue. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements show decrease in the cell membrane nuidity due to photodynamic damage of the lipophilic compartments. Study of cell damage in presence of sodium azide, 0 20 and glutathione as well as ...

Inhibition of neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels by brilliant blue G.

Brilliant blue G (BBG), best known as an antagonist of P2X7 receptors, was found to inhibit voltage-gated sodium currents in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells. Sodium currents elicited from a holding potential of -60 mV were blocked with an IC(50) of 2 μM. Block was enhanced in a use-dependent manner at higher stimulation rates. The voltage-dependence of inactivation was shifted in the hyperpolarizin...